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Tafonomi
Tafonomi (af græsk taphe 'grav' og nomos 'lære'), læren om de
processer, der finder sted under en plantes eller et dyrs nedbrydning fra død til
evt. fossilering.
Ressourcer
Ivan Efremov: Taphonomy: new branch of paleontology,
Pan-American Geologist, Vol. 74, 1940: 81-93.
Beskrivelse:
Efremovs artikel beskriver behovet for en ny gren indenfor geologien, som han navngiver
tafonomi. Han definerer tafonomi som "the study of geological processes of the
transition of animal remains from the biosphere into the lithosphere" og han understreger,
at forståelsen af disse processer gennem tiden opnås gennem en klarlæggelse af "[t]he
laws of disposition and conservation of contemporary animal remains in sediments just
formed or being formed now."
Gravskik
Liv Nilsson: Dynamic Cadavers. A
"Field Anthropological" Analysis of the Skateholm II burials, Lund Archaeological
Rerview (LAR) 1998: 5-17.
Beskrivelse:
This study presents the results of a new archaeological analysis of the burials from
the Late Mesolithic cemetery of Skateholm II. This re-analysis is based on the methods
of anthropologie de terrain (Field Anthropology) which combine highly detailed
field observations with the cultural and natural factors that contribute to the decomposition
of the human body and the disarticulation of the human skeleton (Duday et al 1990).
Anthropologie de terrain utilizes taphonomic principles to infer the state of
the human remains and the structure of the grave at the time of burial, thus offering
a rigorous archaeological approach for reconstructing the original position of the
human remains, the arrangement of clothing and grave goods, and the overall architecture
of the grave. Anthropologie de terrain improves the documentation of the variability
in mortuary ritual in the Late Mesolithic society represented at Skateholm II. The results
provide strong support, in large part, for previous interpretations of Skateholm II
mortuary practices. In some significant cases, however, the results include details
about grave composition and therefore, about mortuary ritual, which were not previously
recognized. Anja Roth Niemi: De virksomme døde. Gravskikk
som sosial diskurs i det sein-mesolittiske Sør-skandinavia, Hovedfagsoppgave i arkeologi,
Universitetet i Tromsø, Høsten 2001.
Retsantropologi / forrådnelsesprocessen
M. Lee Goff: Early post-mortem changes and stages
of decomposition in exposed cadavers, Exp Appl Acarol 49,
2009: 21–36. A. Ururahy-Rodrigues, et al.: Coprophanaeus
lancifer (Linnaeus, 1767) (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae) activity moves a man-size pig carcass:
Relevant data for forensic taphonomy, Forensic Science International 182,
2008: e19–e22. Arpad Vass: Beyond the grave – understanding human
decomposition, Microbiology Today 190 Vol. 28, 2001: 190-192. Arpad Vass, et al.: Odor Analysis of Decomposing Buried
Human Remains, J Forensic Sci, Vol. 53, No. 2, 2008: 384-391 Mark Benecke: Forensic Entomology: Arthropods
and Corpses, in M. Tsokos (ed.): Forensic pathology reviews, Vol. II, Humana Press,
Totowa (NJ, USA), 2004: 207-240.
Preservation of human brain tissue
Sonia O’Connor, et al.: Exceptional
preservation of a prehistoric human brain from Heslington, Yorkshire, UK,
Journal of Archaeological Science, xxx (2011) 1e14 K. P. Oakley: Ancient Preserved Brains,
Man Vol. 60, 1960: 90-91 S. Radanov, S. Stoev, M. Davidov, S. Nachev, N. Stanchev, and E. Kirova:
A
unique case of naturally occurring mummification of human brain tissue,
International Journal of Legal Medicine 105, 1992: 173-175 Christina Papageorgopoulou, Katharina Rentsch, Maanasa Raghavan, et al.:
Preservation
of cell structures in a medieval infant brain: A paleohistological, paleogenetic, radiological
and physico-chemical study,
NeuroImage 50, 2010: 893–901
Adipocere
Sabine Fiedler & Matthias Graw:
Decomposition
of buried corpses, with special reference to the formation of adipocere,
Naturwissenschaften 90, 2003 :291–300 Shari L. Forbes, Barbara H. Stuart & Boyd B. Dent:
The
effect of the burial environment on adipocere formation,
Forensic Science International 154 , 2005: 24–34 Shari L. Forbes, Boyd B. Dent & Barbara H. Stuart:
The effect
of soil type on adipocere formation,
Forensic Science International 154, 2005: 35–43 Shari L. Forbes, Barbara H. Stuart & Boyd B. Dent:
The
effect of the method of burial on adipocere formation,
Forensic Science International 154, 2005: 44–52 S. Fiedler, F. Buegger, B. Klaubert, K. Zipp, R. Dohrmann, M. Witteyer, M. Zarei
& M. Grawf: Adipocere withstands 1600 years of fluctuating groundwater levels in soil,
Journal of Archaeological Science 36, 2009: 1328–1333 Heinz-Christian Fründ & Dirk Schoenen:
Quantification of
adipocere degradation with and without access to oxygen and to the living soil,
Forensic Science International 188, 2009: 18–22
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